@article{Wierdsma2011-be,

title = {Malabsorption and nutritional balance in the ICU: fecal weight 

 as a biomarker: a prospective observational pilot study},

author = {Nicolette J Wierdsma and Job H C Peters and Peter J M Weijs and Martjin B Keur and Armand R J Girbes and Ad A Bodegraven and Albertus Beishuizen},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-11-01},

journal = {Crit. Care},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {R264},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malabsorption, which is frequently underdiagnosed 

 in critically ill patients, is clinically relevant with regard 

 to nutritional balance and nutritional management. We aimed to 

 validate the diagnostic accuracy of fecal weight as a biomarker 

 for fecal loss and additionally to assess fecal macronutrient 

 contents and intestinal absorption capacity in ICU patients. 

 METHODS: This was an observational pilot study in a tertiary 

 mixed medical-surgical ICU in hemodynamically stable adult ICU 

 patients, without clinically evident gastrointestinal 

 malfunction. Fecal weight (grams/day), fecal energy (by bomb 

 calorimetry in kcal/day), and macronutrient content (fat, 

 protein, and carbohydrate in grams/day) were measured. 

 Diagnostic accuracy expressed in terms of test sensitivity, 

 specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), 

 and receiver operator curves (ROCs) were calculated for fecal 

 weight as a marker for energy malabsorption. Malabsorption was a 

 priori defined as 350 g/day (that is, diarrhea) was linked to 

 the optimal ROC (0.879), showing a sensitivity and PPV of 80%, 

 respectively. Specificity and NPV were both 96%. Fecal weight 

 (grams/day) and intestinal energy-absorption capacity were inversely correlated (r = -0.69; P 350 g feces/day had a 

 significantly more-negative energy balance compared with 

 patients with 350 g/day in ICU patients is a biomarker 

 applicable in daily practice, which can act as a surrogate for 

 fecal energy loss and intestinal energy absorption. Daily 

 measurement of fecal weight is a feasible means of monitoring 

 the nutritional status of critically ill patients and, in those 

 identified as having malabsorption, can monitor responses to 

 changes in dietary management.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2011-um,

title = {Hypermetabolism, is it real? The example of amyotrophic lateral 

 sclerosis},

author = {Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-11-01},

journal = {J. Am. Diet. Assoc.},

volume = {111},

number = {11},

pages = {1670–1673},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2011-db,

title = {High beverage sugar as well as high animal protein intake at 

 infancy may increase overweight risk at 8 years: a prospective 

 longitudinal pilot study},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and Laura M Kool and Nicolien M Baar and Saskia C Zee},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-09-01},

journal = {Nutr. J.},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {95},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Combined effects of early exposure to beverage sugar 

 and animal protein and later life overweight risk have not been 

 studied. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was initiated 

 in 2001 with 226 infants between 4 and 13 months of age. Dietary 

 intake was assessed with a 2 day food record. Also information 

 on infant body weight and socio-economic status was obtained at 

 baseline. At 8 year follow-up in 2009, children were surveyed 

 again. Main outcome measure was overweight at 8 years as defined by BMIsds > = +1.0. Also maternal BMI, present dietary intake 

 and physical activity, were obtained by questionnaire and 2-day 

 food record. RESULTS: At the 8 year follow up, 120 children 

 (53%) were surveyed again. Of those, questionnaires and food 

 records were completed for 63 children, for the other 57 

 children only weight and height at 8 years was available; 20 out 

 of 120 children (17%) were self-reported overweight at 8 years 

 of age. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) for overweight at 

 8 years were 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) for beverage sugar intake per one 

 percent of energy intake and 4.06 (1.50, 11.00) for the highest 

 tertile of animal protein intake at infancy compared to the 

 lowest two tertiles. After adjustment for sex, age, infant 

 weight, breastfed at intake assessment, and socio-economic 

 status, odds ratios were 1.13 (1.03, 1.24) for beverage sugar, 

 and 9.67 (2.56, 36.53) for highest tertile of animal protein intake. In the subgroup with completed questionnaire (n = 63) 

 ORs were also adjusted for current maternal overweight, more 

 than 2 months full breastfeeding, physical activity, and energy 

 intake, but ORs remained significantly associated with 

 overweight at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of sugar 

 containing beverages as well as animal protein in the first year 

 of life may increase the risk of overweight at 8 years. The 

 results of this pilot investigation should be confirmed in a 

 larger cohort.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21376433,

title = {Predictors for achieving protein and energy requirements in undernourished hospital patients},

author = {Eva Leistra and Floor Willeboordse and Marian A E van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren and Marjolein Visser and Peter J M Weijs and Annelie Haans-van den Oord and Jan Oostenbrink and Anja M Evers and Hinke M Kruizenga},

doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2011.01.008},

issn = {1532-1983},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-08-01},

journal = {Clin Nutr},

volume = {30},

number = {4},

pages = {484--489},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Providing sufficient protein an energy is considered crucial in the treatment of undernutrition. Still, the majority of undernourished hospital patients have a suboptimal protein and energy intake. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors for achieving protein and energy requirements on the fourth day of admission in undernourished hospitalized patients.nnMETHODS: 830 adult undernourished patients (SNAQ ≥ 3) were retrospectively included. Intake requirements were defined as ≥1.2 g protein per kg bodyweight and ≥100% of the energy requirement based on calculated resting energy expenditure according to Harris & Benedict + 30%. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors for achieving the requirements.nnRESULTS: Protein and energy intake had been recorded for 610 patients, of whom 25.6% had sufficient protein and energy intake. Protein requirements were less commonly met than energy requirements. Complete case analyses (n = 575) showed that negative predictors for achieving the protein and energy requirements were: nausea (OR = 0.18; 95%CI = 0.06-0.53), cancer (0.57; 0.35-0.93), acute infections (0.63; 0.37-1.01) and higher BMI (0.84; 0.79-0.89). Positive predictors were: a higher age (1.01; 1.00-1.03), chronic lung disease (3.76; 2.33-6.07) and receiving tube feeding (3.89; 1.56-9.73).nnCONCLUSION: Only one in four undernourished hospital patients meets the predefined protein and energy requirements on the fourth day of admission. Nausea, cancer, acute infections, BMI, age, chronic lung disease and tube feeding were identified as predictors for achieving protein and energy intake.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leistra2011-tp,

title = {Predictors for achieving protein and energy requirements in 

 undernourished hospital patients},

author = {Eva Leistra and Floor Willeboordse and Marian A E Schueren and Marjolein Visser and Peter J M Weijs and Annelie Haans-van den Oord and Jan Oostenbrink and Anja M Evers and Hinke M Kruizenga},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-08-01},

journal = {Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {30},

number = {4},

pages = {484–489},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Providing sufficient protein an energy is 

 considered crucial in the treatment of undernutrition. Still, 

 the majority of undernourished hospital patients have a 

 suboptimal protein and energy intake. The aim of this study was 

 to investigate predictors for achieving protein and energy 

 requirements on the fourth day of admission in undernourished 

 hospitalized patients. METHODS: 830 adult undernourished 

 patients (SNAQ $geq$ 3) were retrospectively included. Intake 

 requirements were defined as $geq$1.2 g protein per kg 

 bodyweight and $geq$100% of the energy requirement based on 

 calculated resting energy expenditure according to Harris & 

 Benedict + 30%. Logistic regression analyses were performed to 

 investigate predictors for achieving the requirements. RESULTS: 

 Protein and energy intake had been recorded for 610 patients, of 

 whom 25.6% had sufficient protein and energy intake. Protein 

 requirements were less commonly met than energy requirements. Complete case analyses (n = 575) showed that negative predictors 

 for achieving the protein and energy requirements were: nausea (OR = 0.18; 95%CI = 0.06-0.53), cancer (0.57; 0.35-0.93), acute 

 infections (0.63; 0.37-1.01) and higher BMI (0.84; 0.79-0.89). 

 Positive predictors were: a higher age (1.01; 1.00-1.03), 

 chronic lung disease (3.76; 2.33-6.07) and receiving tube 

 feeding (3.89; 1.56-9.73). CONCLUSION: Only one in four 

 undernourished hospital patients meets the predefined protein 

 and energy requirements on the fourth day of admission. Nausea, 

 cancer, acute infections, BMI, age, chronic lung disease and 

 tube feeding were identified as predictors for achieving protein 

 and energy intake.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2010-gh,

title = {Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure 

 in Belgian normal weight to morbid obese women},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and Greet A A M Vansant},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-06-01},

journal = {Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {29},

number = {3},

pages = {347–351},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Individual energy requirements of overweight 

 and obese adults can often not be measured by indirect 

 calorimetry, mainly due to the time-consuming procedure and the 

 high costs. To analyze which resting energy expenditure (REE) 

 predictive equation is the best alternative for indirect 

 calorimetry in Belgian normal weight to morbid obese women. 

 METHODS: Predictive equations were included when based on 

 weight, height, gender, age, fat free mass and fat mass. REE was 

 measured with indirect calorimetry. Accuracy of equations was 

 evaluated by the percentage of subjects predicted within 10% of 

 REE measured, the root mean squared prediction error (RMSE) and 

 the mean percentage difference (bias) between predicted and 

 measured REE. RESULTS: Twenty-seven predictive equations (of 

 which 9 based on FFM) were included. Validation was based on 536 

 F (18-71 year). Most accurate and precise for the Belgian women 

 were the Huang, Siervo, Muller (FFM), Harris-Benedict (HB), and 

 the Mifflin equation with 71%, 71%, 70%, 69%, and 68% 

 accurate predictions, respectively; bias -1.7, -0.5, +1.1, +2.2, 

 and -1.8%, RMSE 168, 170, 163, 167, and 173kcal/d. The 

 equations of HB and Mifflin are most widely used in clinical 

 practice and both provide accurate predictions across a wide 

 range of BMI groups. In an already overweight group the 

 underpredicting Mifflin equation might be preferred. Above BMI 

 45kg/m(2), the Siervo equation performed best, while the 

 FAO/WHO/UNU or Schofield equation should not be used in this 

 extremely obese group. CONCLUSIONS: In Belgian women, the 

 original Harris-Benedict or the Mifflin equation is a reliable 

 tool to predict REE across a wide variety of body weight (BMI 

 18.5-50). Estimations for the BMI range between 30 and 

 40kg/m(2), however, should be improved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20237141,

title = {Validation of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in obese adolescents},

author = {Geesje H Hofsteenge and Mai J M Chinapaw and Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal and Peter J M Weijs},

doi = {10.3945/ajcn.2009.28330},

issn = {1938-3207},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-05-01},

journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},

volume = {91},

number = {5},

pages = {1244--1254},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: When the resting energy expenditure (REE) of overweight and obese adolescents cannot be measured by indirect calorimetry, it has to be predicted with an equation.nnOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of published equations for REE compared with indirect calorimetry in overweight and obese adolescents.nnDESIGN: Predictive equations based on weight, height, sex, age, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were compared with measured REE. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry, and body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The accuracy of the REE equations was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of adolescents predicted within 10% of REE measured, the mean percentage difference between predicted and measured values (bias), and the root mean squared prediction error (RMSE).nnRESULTS: Forty-three predictive equations (of which 12 were based on FFM) were included. Validation was based on 70 girls and 51 boys with a mean age of 14.5 y and a mean (+/-SD) body mass index SD score of 2.93 +/- 0.45. The percentage of adolescents with accurate predictions ranged from 74% to 12% depending on the equation used. The most accurate and precise equation for these adolescents was the Molnar equation (accurate predictions: 74%; bias: -1.2%; RMSE: 174 kcal/d). The often-used Schofield-weight equation for age 10-18 y was not accurate (accurate predictions: 50%; bias: +10.7%; RMSE: 276 kcal/d).nnCONCLUSIONS: Indirect calorimetry remains the method of choice for REE in overweight and obese adolescents. However, the sex-specific Molnar REE prediction equation appears to be the most accurate for overweight and obese adolescents aged 12-18 y. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl with the Netherlands Trial Register as ISRCTN27626398.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hofsteenge2010-lj,

title = {Validation of predictive equations for resting energy 

 expenditure in obese adolescents},

author = {Geesje H Hofsteenge and Mai J M Chinapaw and Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal and Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-05-01},

journal = {Am. J. Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {91},

number = {5},

pages = {1244–1254},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: When the resting energy expenditure (REE) of 

 overweight and obese adolescents cannot be measured by indirect 

 calorimetry, it has to be predicted with an equation. OBJECTIVE: 

 The aim of this study was to examine the validity of published 

 equations for REE compared with indirect calorimetry in 

 overweight and obese adolescents. DESIGN: Predictive equations 

 based on weight, height, sex, age, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat 

 mass were compared with measured REE. REE was measured by 

 indirect calorimetry, and body composition was measured by 

 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The accuracy of the REE 

 equations was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of 

 adolescents predicted within 10% of REE measured, the mean 

 percentage difference between predicted and measured values 

 (bias), and the root mean squared prediction error (RMSE). 

 RESULTS: Forty-three predictive equations (of which 12 were 

 based on FFM) were included. Validation was based on 70 girls 

 and 51 boys with a mean age of 14.5 y and a mean (+/-SD) body 

 mass index SD score of 2.93 +/- 0.45. The percentage of 

 adolescents with accurate predictions ranged from 74% to 12% 

 depending on the equation used. The most accurate and precise 

 equation for these adolescents was the Molnar equation (accurate 

 predictions: 74%; bias: -1.2%; RMSE: 174 kcal/d). The 

 often-used Schofield-weight equation for age 10-18 y was not 

 accurate (accurate predictions: 50%; bias: +10.7%; RMSE: 276 

 kcal/d). CONCLUSIONS: Indirect calorimetry remains the method of 

 choice for REE in overweight and obese adolescents. However, the 

 sex-specific Molnar REE prediction equation appears to be the 

 most accurate for overweight and obese adolescents aged 12-18 y. 

 This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl with the 

 Netherlands Trial Register as ISRCTN27626398.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leibbrandt2010-fj,

title = {Effects of the PRo-active Interdisciplinary Self-MAnagement 

 (PRISMA, Dutch DESMOND) program on dietary intake in type 2 

 diabetes outpatients: a pilot study},

author = {Anke J Leibbrandt and Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong and Marloes H E Hogenelst and Frank J Snoek and Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-04-01},

journal = {Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {199–205},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: To investigate the effect on dietary intake 

 of the PRo-active Interdisciplinary Self-MAnagement (PRISMA) 

 program, developed analogous to DESMOND, in overweight type 2 

 diabetes patients. METHODS: All type 2 diabetes patients 

 referred to the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the VU University 

 Medical Center Amsterdam with a BMI >25kg/m(2), were eligible 

 for inclusion to the PRISMA program. At baseline and after 3, 6 

 and 12 months of follow-up, macronutrient intake, 

 anthropometric, biomedical and psychosocial measures were 

 evaluated by using Generalized Estimation Equations. RESULTS: 

 Included into the study were 38 patients, of which 22 completed 

 a 1-year follow-up. After 6 months energy and macronutrient 

 intake were significantly decreased. Reductions after 12 months 

 were still significant for protein, unsaturated fat and dietary 

 fiber and borderline significant for energy and saturated fat 

 intake. Patients positively evaluated the program, and most 

 patients held the view that they had learned something from 

 PRISMA. CONCLUSIONS: The PRISMA program reduced energy and 

 macronutrient intake up to 6 months. After 6 months, attention 

 should be paid to patients' food product choices. Follow-up 

 counselling might further improve long-term outcome. This pilot 

 study shows that the PRISMA program is promising in decreasing 

 dietary intake in newly diagnosed and established overweight 

 type 2 diabetes patients in secondary care.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Van_Schijndel2009-mt,

title = {Computer-aided support improves early and adequate delivery of 

 nutrients in the ICU},

author = {R J M Strack Schijndel and S D W Groot and R H Driessen and G Ligthart-Melis and A R J Girbes and A Beishuizen and Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-12-01},

journal = {Neth. J. Med.},

volume = {67},

number = {11},

pages = {388–393},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In 2007 a national guideline on perioperative 

 nutrition was issued in the Netherlands. As external indicator 

 for adequacy of nutritional therapy, the percentage of 

 malnourished patients who reach at least 1.2 grams of protein on 

 day 4 after admission was chosen by the Netherlands Health Care 

 Inspectorate. METHODS: We developed an algorithm that allows 

 users to ask for advice on which artificial nutritional formula 

 to prescribe and at which rate, assuring provision of adequate 

 amounts of both protein and energy. Feedback on nutritional 

 therapy is given to the users on a daily basis, and to the 

 management per quarter. Both the advice and the feedback have 

 been integrated in our data management system. The advice module 

 is also available on-line. RESULTS: In the baseline situation 

 over the first four quarters (2006) an average of 30.2% of 

 patients who had a full day 4 in our unit reached the protein 

 indicator. In the last six quarters post-implementation, the 

 average percentage reached was 56.5% with values consistently 

 over 50%. Changes were statistically significant at third 

 quarter of 2007 (p<0.05) and thereafter (p<0.001). Results for 

 day 7 of admission were unaffected, which indicates that targets 

 were reached earlier during hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Our study 

 shows that integration of nutritional advice and automatically 

 generated feedback to users in a data management system 

 consistently improves delivery of (early) nutrition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid19616453,

title = {Improved nutrition after conversion to nocturnal home hemodialysis},

author = {M Ellen Sikkes and Menno P Kooistra and Peter J M Weijs},

doi = {10.1053/j.jrn.2009.05.006},

issn = {1532-8503},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-01},

journal = {J Ren Nutr},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

pages = {494--499},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Protein-energy malnutrition is a frequently observed problem in hemodialysis patients. Nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHHD; 6 x 8hours during the night) seems to improve patient outcomes, including nutritional state.nnMETHODS: In a single-center, prospective, nonrandomized study, the effects of NHHD on various aspects of nutrition in 14 hemodialysis patients during 1 to 2 years were investigated, using dietary records, appetite questionnaires, laboratory tests, and patient data.nnRESULTS: Appetite, body weight, and energy and protein intakes improved. Patients could drink more. Serum phosphate, calcium, and potassium intake increased. Laboratory results remained excellent, without phosphate-binding agents or potassium-binding resins. However, fat intake also increased, with a risk for overweight status.nnCONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal home hemodialysis has a positive effect on nutritional state.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sikkes2009-vp,

title = {Improved nutrition after conversion to nocturnal home 

 hemodialysis},

author = {M Ellen Sikkes and Menno P Kooistra and Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-01},

journal = {J. Ren. Nutr.},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

pages = {494–499},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Protein-energy malnutrition is a frequently observed 

 problem in hemodialysis patients. Nocturnal home hemodialysis 

 (NHHD; 6 x 8hours during the night) seems to improve patient 

 outcomes, including nutritional state. METHODS: In a 

 single-center, prospective, nonrandomized study, the effects of 

 NHHD on various aspects of nutrition in 14 hemodialysis patients 

 during 1 to 2 years were investigated, using dietary records, 

 appetite questionnaires, laboratory tests, and patient data. 

 RESULTS: Appetite, body weight, and energy and protein intakes 

 improved. Patients could drink more. Serum phosphate, calcium, 

 and potassium intake increased. Laboratory results remained 

 excellent, without phosphate-binding agents or potassium-binding 

 resins. However, fat intake also increased, with a risk for 

 overweight status. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal home hemodialysis has 

 a positive effect on nutritional state.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid19712855,

title = {Prevalence of undernutrition in Dutch hospital outpatients},

author = {Eva Leistra and Floor Neelemaat and Anja M Evers and Myriam H W M van Zandvoort and Peter J M Weijs and Marian A E van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren and Marjolein Visser and Hinke M Kruizenga},

doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2009.03.011},

issn = {1879-0828},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-09-01},

journal = {Eur J Intern Med},

volume = {20},

number = {5},

pages = {509--513},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital inpatients is high. Earlier detection and treatment in the hospital outpatient clinic may help to reduce these numbers. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition in hospital outpatients in the Netherlands, to determine high risk departments, and to determine the percentage of patients receiving dietetic treatment.nnMETHODS: This cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in nine hospitals. Patients who visited the outpatient clinic on one of the screening days in the period March-May 2008 received a short questionnaire and were weighed. Patients were classified as severely undernourished, moderately undernourished or not undernourished.nnRESULTS: 2288 patients were included in the study, of which 5% were severely undernourished and 2% were moderately undernourished. The prevalence of severe undernutrition was highest in the outpatient departments of oral maxillofacial surgery (17%), oncology (10%), rehabilitation (8%), gastroenterology (7%) and pulmonology (7%). Only 17% of all severely undernourished and 4% of all moderately undernourished patients reported to receive dietetic treatment.nnCONCLUSION: The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital outpatients is generally low but largely undertreated. Future screening should focus on high risk departments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leistra2009-ol,

title = {Prevalence of undernutrition in Dutch hospital outpatients},

author = {Eva Leistra and Floor Neelemaat and Anja M Evers and Myriam H W M Zandvoort and Peter J M Weijs and Marian A E Schueren and Marjolein Visser and Hinke M Kruizenga},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-09-01},

journal = {Eur. J. Intern. Med.},

volume = {20},

number = {5},

pages = {509–513},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital 

 inpatients is high. Earlier detection and treatment in the 

 hospital outpatient clinic may help to reduce these numbers. The 

 purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of 

 undernutrition in hospital outpatients in the Netherlands, to 

 determine high risk departments, and to determine the percentage 

 of patients receiving dietetic treatment. METHODS: This 

 cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in nine 

 hospitals. Patients who visited the outpatient clinic on one of 

 the screening days in the period March-May 2008 received a short 

 questionnaire and were weighed. Patients were classified as 

 severely undernourished, moderately undernourished or not 

 undernourished. RESULTS: 2288 patients were included in the 

 study, of which 5% were severely undernourished and 2% were 

 moderately undernourished. The prevalence of severe 

 undernutrition was highest in the outpatient departments of oral 

 maxillofacial surgery (17%), oncology (10%), rehabilitation 

 (8%), gastroenterology (7%) and pulmonology (7%). Only 17% 

 of all severely undernourished and 4% of all moderately 

 undernourished patients reported to receive dietetic treatment. 

 CONCLUSION: The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital 

 outpatients is generally low but largely undertreated. Future 

 screening should focus on high risk departments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Strack_van_Schijndel2009-tv,

title = {Optimal nutrition during the period of mechanical ventilation 

 decreases mortality in critically ill, long-term acute female 

 patients: a prospective observational cohort study},

author = {Rob J M Strack van Schijndel and Peter J M Weijs and Rixt H Koopmans and Hans P Sauerwein and Albertus Beishuizen and Armand R J Girbes},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-08-01},

journal = {Crit. Care},

volume = {13},

number = {4},

pages = {R132},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Optimal nutrition for intensive care patients has 

 been proposed to be the provision of energy as determined by 

 indirect calorimetry, and protein provision of at least 1.2 g/kg 

 pre-admission weight per day. The evidence supporting these 

 nutritional goals is based on surrogate outcomes and is not yet 

 substantiated by patient oriented, clinically meaningful 

 endpoints. In the present study we evaluated the effects of 

 achieving optimal nutrition in ICU patients during their period 

 of mechanical ventilation on mortality. METHODS: This was a 

 prospective observational cohort study in a mixed 

 medical-surgical, 28-bed ICU in an academic hospital. 243 

 sequential mixed medical-surgical patients were enrolled on day 

 3-5 after admission if they had an expected stay of at least 

 another 5-7 days. They underwent indirect calorimetry as part of 

 routine care. Nutrition was guided by the result of indirect 

 calorimetry and we aimed to provide at least 1.2 g of 

 protein/kg/day. Cumulative balances were calculated for the 

 period of mechanical ventilation. Outcome parameters were ICU, 

 28-day and hospital mortality. RESULTS: In women, when corrected 

 for weight, height, Apache II score, diagnosis category, and 

 hyperglycaemic index, patients who reached their nutritional 

 goals compared to those who did not, showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.199 for ICU mortality (CI 0.048-0.831; P = 0.027), a HR of 0.079 for 28 day mortality (CI 0.013-0.467; P = 0.005) and a HR of 0.328 for hospital mortality (CI 0.113-0.952; P = 0.04). 

 Achievement of energy goals whilst not reaching protein goals, 

 did not affect ICU mortality; the HR for 28 day mortality was 0.120 (CI 0.027-0.528; P = 0.005) and 0.318 for hospital mortality (CI 0.107-0.945; P = 0.039). No difference in outcome 

 related to optimal feeding was found for men. CONCLUSIONS: 

 Optimal nutritional therapy improves ICU, 28-day and hospital 

 survival in female ICU patients. Female patients reaching both 

 energy and protein goals have better outcomes than those 

 reaching only the energy goal. In the present study men did not 

 benefit from optimal nutrition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hofsteenge2008-jk,

title = {Go4it; study design of a randomised controlled trial and 

 economic evaluation of a multidisciplinary group intervention 

 for obese adolescents for prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2},

author = {Geesje H Hofsteenge and Marijke J M Chinapaw and Peter J M Weijs and Maurits W Tulder and Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-12-01},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

pages = {410},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, the first adolescents with 

 diabetes mellitus type 2 as a result of obesity have recently 

 been diagnosed. Therefore, it is very important that programs 

 aiming at the prevention of type 2 diabetes of obese adolescents 

 are developed and evaluated. METHODS: Go4it is a 

 multidisciplinary group treatment that focuses on: 1) increasing 

 awareness of the current dietary and physical activity behaviour 

 (i.e. energy balance behaviour), 2) improving diet, 3) 

 decreasing sedentary behaviour, 4) increasing levels of physical 

 activity, and 5) coping with difficult situations. Go4it 

 consists of 7 sessions with an interval of 2-3 weeks.The 

 effectiveness of the multidisciplinary group treatment compared 

 with usual care (i.e. referral to a dietician) was evaluated in 

 a randomised controlled trial. We examined effects on BMI(sds), 

 body composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance and 

 insulin resistance (primary outcome measure), as well as dietary 

 and physical activity behaviour and quality of life. An economic 

 evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted alongside 

 the randomised trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the 

 multidisciplinary treatment program vs. usual care. DISCUSSION: 

 In this paper we described a multidisciplinary treatment program 

 (Go4it) for obese adolescents and the design of a randomised 

 controlled trial and economic evaluation to evaluate its 

 effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 

 Netherlands Trial Register (ISRCTN27626398).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2008-pb,

title = {Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure 

 in US and Dutch overweight and obese class I and II adults 

 aged 18-65 y},

author = {Peter J M Weijs},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-10-01},

journal = {Am. J. Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {88},

number = {4},

pages = {959–970},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Individual energy requirements of overweight and 

 obese adults can often not be measured by indirect calorimetry. 

 OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze which resting energy 

 expenditure (REE) predictive equation was the best alternative to 

 indirect calorimetry in US and Dutch adults aged 18-65 y with a 

 body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 25 to 40. DESIGN: Predictive 

 equations based on weight, height, sex, age, fat-free mass, and 

 fat mass were tested. REE in Dutch adults was measured with 

 indirect calorimetry, and published data from the Institute of 

 Medicine were used for US adults. The accuracy of the equations 

 was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of subjects 

 predicted within 10% of the REE measured, the root mean squared 

 prediction error (RMSE), and the mean percentage difference 

 (bias) between predicted and measured REE. RESULTS: Twenty-seven 

 predictive equations (9 of which were based on FFM) were 

 included. Validation was based on 180 women and 158 men from the 

 United States and on 154 women and 54 men from the Netherlands 

 aged <65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 25 to 40. Most 

 accurate and precise for the US adults was the Mifflin equation 

 (prediction accuracy: 79%; bias: -1.0%; RMSE: 136 kcal/d), for 

 overweight Dutch adults was the FAO/WHO/UNU weight equation 

 (prediction accuracy: 68%; bias: -2.5%; RMSE: 178), and for 

 obese Dutch adults was the Lazzer equation (prediction accuracy: 

 69%; bias: -3.0%; RMSE: 215 kcal/d). CONCLUSIONS: For US adults 

 aged 18-65 y with a body mass index of 25 to 40, the REE can best 

 be estimated with the Mifflin equation. For overweight and obese 

 Dutch adults, there appears to be no accurate equation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hofsteenge2008-wy,

title = {First favourable results of the group education programme Go4it 

 for overweight and obese adolescents},

author = {G H Hofsteenge and Peter J M Weijs and M J M Chin A Paw and H A Delemarre-van de Waal},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-07-01},

journal = {Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd.},

volume = {152},

number = {29},

pages = {1628–1633},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Go4it, a multidisciplinary 

 group education programme for adolescents with overweight or 

 obesity. DESIGN: Uncontrolled intervention study. METHOD: At the 

 obesity outpatient clinic of the Transmural Research and 

 Treatment Centre for Overweight and Obese Children of the VU 

 University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, a group 

 education programme was developed for adolescents (age 12-18 

 year) who are overweight or obese. Obese adolescents who were 

 referred to the obesity outpatient clinic were asked to 

 participate. During 7 sessions (one session every two weeks) the 

 adolescents were educated on the health consequences of obesity, 

 diet, physical activity, energy balance, improving self-esteem 

 and how to handle bullying and other difficult situations. All 

 sessions were held in groups of 8-10 adolescents. In addition, 

 two sessions were organised for the parents concerning the health 

 consequences of obesity, diet, and physical activity. Body weight 

 and height, glucose tolerance (by an oral glucose tolerance test; 

 OGTT), and insulin resistance were measured at enrolment into the 

 Go4it programme and 6 months later. RESULTS: In total, 93 

 adolescents (39 boys, 54 girls) were included with a mean age of 

 3.9 (SD: 1.7) years. Of those, 69 adolescents (74%) attended at 

 least 6 out of 7 sessions of the education programme. 

 Stabilisation or reduction in obesity levels following completion 

 of Go4it was achieved in 51 (74%) of these participants. 50 

 adolescents had a second OGTT. The BMI standard deviation score (BMI-sds) decreased by 4.3% for boys (p = 0.020) and 3.3% for girls (p = 0.017). Among girls, fasting blood glucose levels 

 decreased by an average of 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.14-0.60) and 

 insulin concentrations decreased by an average of 299 pmol/l 

 (95% CI: 71-528). CONCLUSION: Participation in the Go4it 

 education programme is accompanied by a stabilisation or 

 reduction in the level of obesity and has favourable effects on 

 glucose and insulin metabolism.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2008-lw,

title = {Validation of predictive equations for resting energy 

 expenditure in adult outpatients and inpatients},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and Hinke M Kruizenga and Aimee E Dijk and Barbara S Meij and Jacqueline A E Langius and Dirk L Knol and Robert J M Strack van Schijndel and Marian A E Schueren},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-02-01},

journal = {Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {27},

number = {1},

pages = {150–157},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: When individual energy requirements of adult 

 patients cannot be measured by indirect calorimetry, they have 

 to be predicted with an equation. The aim of this study was to 

 analyze which resting energy expenditure (REE) predictive 

 equation was the best alternative to indirect calorimetry in 

 adult patients. METHODS: Predictive equations were included when 

 based on weight, height, gender and/or age. REE was measured 

 with indirect calorimetry. The mean squared prediction error was 

 used to evaluate how well the equations fitted the REE 

 measurement. RESULTS: Eighteen predictive equations were 

 included. Indirect calorimetry data were available for 48 

 outpatients and 45 inpatients. Also a subgroup of 42 underweight 

 patients (BMI<18.5) was analyzed. The mean squared prediction 

 error was 233-426 kcal/d and the percentage of patients with 

 acceptable prediction was 28-52% for adult patients depending 

 on the equation used. The FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) equation including 

 both weight and height had the smallest prediction error in 

 adult patients (233 kcal/d), outpatients (182 kcal/d), 

 inpatients (277 kcal/d) as well as underweight patients (219 

 kcal/d). CONCLUSIONS: The REE of adult outpatients, inpatients 

 and underweight patients can best be estimated with the 

 FAO/WHO/UNU equation including weight and height, when indirect 

 calorimetry is not available.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Strack_van_Schijndel2006-ad,

title = {Fecal energy losses in enterally fed intensive care patients: an 

 explorative study using bomb calorimetry},

author = {R J M Strack van Schijndel and N J Wierdsma and E M B Heijningen and Peter J M Weijs and S D W Groot and A R J Girbes},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-10-01},

journal = {Clin. Nutr.},

volume = {25},

number = {5},

pages = {758–764},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early enteral nutrition and tailored supply 

 of nutrients have become standard in most of the intensive care 

 units (ICU). So far little attention has been given to losses of 

 energy in the stools. The purpose of this explorative study was 

 to evaluate the energy losses of patients with loose stools, 

 necessitating the use of a feces-collector device in a tertiary 

 academic ICU. METHODS: In a group of 13 fully enterally fed and 

 mechanically ventilated patients with loose stools, the daily 

 energy loss in feces was determined, using bomb calorimetry. 

 Malabsorption was defined as an absorption capacity of 85% or 

 less. Energy expenditure was determined with indirect 

 calorimetry. RESULTS: Six out of 13 (46%) patients fulfilled 

 the criterion of malabsorption. The mean total energetic 

 absorption capacity was 84.6+/-13.3%. The mean capacity of 

 absorption of fat was 89.7+/-16.3%. The caloric value of energy 

 loss had a mean of 301+/-259 kcal/day. Fecal fat loss proved not 

 to be a good indicator of total fecal energy loss. A total of 

 4/13 patients (31%) had a net negative energy balance of over 

 500 kcal/day. A daily feces production of 250 g or more was a 

 good predictor of malabsorption. Energy loss could accurately be 

 predicted by using a factor 4.87 for the combined energetic 

 value of protein and carbohydrates, if dry weight and fecal fat 

 content are known. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinical study on ICU 

 patients with loose stools, malabsorption proved to be a 

 frequently occurring and so far unrecognized problem, 

 contributing strongly to negative energy balances in 1/3 of the 

 patients.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs2006-rd,

title = {Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB exposure of non-breastfed Dutch 

 infants},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and M I Bakker and K R Korver and K Goor Ghanaviztchi and J H Wijnen},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-08-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {64},

number = {9},

pages = {1521–1525},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {The exposure of humans to PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated 

 dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) and dioxin-like PCBs 

 (dl-PCBs, i.e. polychlorinated non-ortho and mono-ortho 

 biphenyls) occurs predominantly via the intake of food. Young 

 children have a relatively high intake of these substances, due 

 to their high food consumption per kilogram body weight. As the 

 exposure of non-breastfed infants to these compounds has not 

 been assessed before in The Netherlands, we studied the dietary 

 intake of 17 PCDD/Fs and 11 dioxin-like PCBs in 188 Dutch 

 non-breastfed infants between 4 and 13 months. The food intake 

 of the infants was assessed by a 2-d food record. From these 

 data PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB intake was calculated using 

 PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB concentrations of food products 

 sampled in 1998/1999 in The Netherlands. The long-term PCDD/F 

 and dioxin-like PCB exposure of the infants was calculated using 

 the statistical exposure model (STEM). For infants of 5 months 

 the chronic exposure to PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB was 1.1pg 

 WHO-TEQ (toxic equivalents) per kilogram body weight (bw) per 

 day (95th percentile: 1.7pg WHO-TEQ/kg bwxd), which mainly 

 originated from infant formula and vegetables and increased to 

 2.3pg WHO-TEQ/kg bwxd (95th percentile 3.7pg WHO-TEQ/kg bwxd) 

 for infants just over 1 year old eating the same food as their 

 parents. The percentage of formula-fed infants with an exposure 

 exceeding the TDI of 2pg WHO-TEQ/kg bwxd was 5% at 5 months, 

 49% at 9 months and 64% at 12 months.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs1996-qz,

title = {Conversion of [15N]ammonia into urea and amino acids in humans 

 and the effect of nutritional status},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and A G Calder and E Milne and G E Lobley},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-10-01},

journal = {Br. J. Nutr.},

volume = {76},

number = {4},

pages = {491–499},

abstract = {Hepatic NH3 detoxification by ureagenesis requires an input of 

 aspartate-N, originating either from amino acid-N or NH3-N. The 

 relative importance of these two routes may depend on the 

 nutritional state. To test this, four volunteers were given a 

 liquid diet for 2 d and then on day 3 were either fed every 20 

 min or fasted. Doses of 15NH4Cl were taken orally every 20 min 

 for 6 h (total 1.5 g) and blood was sampled hourly. Urea-N 

 elimination under fasted conditions was only 0.75 of that for the 

 fed state. Considering the increase in body urea pool during 

 feeding, ureagenesis during fasting was probably closer to 0.6 of 

 that during feeding. Since the [14N15N]urea enrichment was not 

 different between the fed and fasted states, the proportion of 

 the 15NH3 dose converted to urea during fasting was also 0.6 of 

 that during the fed condition. No change in [14N15N]urea and 

 [amide-15N]glutamine enrichment suggested that NH3 enrichment was 

 also not affected by nutritional state. Enrichment of 

 [15N15N]urea was approximately 0.05 that of [14N15N]urea which 

 indicates that 15NH3 can also enter the aspartate route, the 

 importance of which is yet unknown. Both [15N15N]urea and 

 [amino-15N]glutamine enrichment in the fasted state were 

 approximately 1.7 times that in the fed state, indicating 

 increased labelling of precursors and/or increased NH3 flux 

 through the aspartate route. Glutamate, valine, leucine and 

 isoleucine showed comparable increases in enrichment during 

 fasting. Arginine enrichment was unaltered by nutritional state, 

 but was lower than [14N15N]urea, indicating incomplete 

 equilibration with the arginine pool in periportal hepatocytes. 

 The present study indicates that hepatic NH3 detoxification may 

 use the aspartate route, gaining importance in the fasted state. 

 The majority of urea was supplied with only one N atom from NH3, 

 thus provision of the other may have consequences for alternative 

 substrates, in particular amino acids.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs1995-uj,

title = {Meal feeding and leucine utilization in pregnant rats},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and V V Schreurs and H N Grooten},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-02-01},

journal = {Br. J. Nutr.},

volume = {73},

number = {2},

pages = {253–258},

abstract = {During pregnancy a higher amino acid requirement may be expected, 

 but the increase in food intake does not match the increased 

 growth rate during pregnancy. It is hypothesized that amino acid 

 utilization can be increased during both fasting and feeding in 

 order to account for the increased requirement. Therefore mature 

 female rats (20 weeks old) were investigated before and at day 18 

 of pregnancy. Rats were fed on a high-protein (HP) diet (210 g 

 casein/kg diet) for 3 weeks and fasted overnight. Rats were then 

 subjected to an 8 h constant infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine with 

 continuous measurement of expired 14CO2 (as a percentage of the 

 infused dose). After 3 h infusion a 5 g HP or low-protein (LP; 75 

 g casein/kg diet) meal was offered for 30 min. Pregnant rats had 

 a significantly lower percentage leucine oxidation in the fasted 

 state (12.5 (SE 0.7) v. 15.9 (SE 1.1)%; P < 0.05), which 

 suggests improved reutilization of leucine. Meal ingestion 

 resulted in a fast increase in 14CO2 expiration. After the LP 

 meal the level of 14CO2 expiration decreased again after the 

 acute response (0-1.5 h), but this was not the case after the HP 

 meal. After the HP meal (average 1.5-5 h), no difference was 

 observed between pregnant and non-pregnant status (36.8 (SE 1.6) 

 v. 35.0 (SE 2.5)%). After the LP meal (average 1.5-5 h), 

 however, the percentage leucine oxidation tended to be lower in 

 pregnant rats but this difference did not reach statistical 

 significance (19.7 (SE 1.1) v. 25.8 (SE 2.8)%).(ABSTRACT 

 TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs1993-tc,

title = {Effects of acute and chronic level of protein supply on metabolic 

 leucine utilization in growing and mature rats},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and V V Schreurs and R E Koopmanschap and H N Grooten and A T Schoonman and H A Boekholt},

year  = {1993},

date = {1993-07-01},

journal = {Br. J. Nutr.},

volume = {70},

number = {1},

pages = {117–125},

abstract = {Effects of acute (meal) and chronic (diet) level of protein 

 supply on metabolic leucine utilization were investigated in 

 growing (10 weeks) and mature (> 1 year) rats. Rats were 

 conditioned on a high-protein (HP) diet (210 g casein/kg feed) or 

 a low-protein (LP) diet (75 g casein/kg feed) from 7 weeks of 

 age. Overnight-fasted rats were offered a HP or LP meal during a 

 8 h 14CO2 breath test with a constant infusion of either 

 L-[1-14C]leucine (carboxyl, CL) or L-[U-14C]leucine (universal, 

 UL). Before the meal 14CO2 output was lower for overnight-fasted 

 rats fed on LP than on HP (P < 0.001), and also lower for growing 

 than for mature rats (P < 0.001). Meal ingestion resulted in a 

 rapid increase in 14CO2 output. From 2 h after the start of the 

 meal the effect of acute protein supply on 14CO2 output was 

 significant (P < 0.001), while the effect of chronic protein 

 supply disappeared for CL. After the meal 14CO2 output was 

 transiently lower for growing than for mature rats (P < 0.05), 

 especially after the LP meal. The difference in 14CO2 output 

 between CL and UL increased transiently after the meal, 

 indicating an increase in decarboxylation relative to total 

 oxidation of leucine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs1991-bj,

title = {X-ray-emission studies of chemical bonding in transition-metal 

 silicides},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and Leuken H and Groot RA and J C Fuggle and S Reiter and G Wiech and K H Buschow},

year  = {1991},

date = {1991-10-01},

journal = {Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter},

volume = {44},

number = {15},

pages = {8195–8203},

publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Van_Acker_JF1991-vc,

title = {Photoemission investigation of the electronic structure of 

 Fe-Pd and Fe-Pt alloys},

author = {Acker JF and Peter J M Weijs and J C Fuggle and K Horn and H Haak and K H Buschow},

year  = {1991},

date = {1991-04-01},

journal = {Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter},

volume = {43},

number = {11},

pages = {8903–8910},

publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weijs1990-xn,

title = {Core-hole effects in the x-ray-absorption spectra of 

 transition-metal silicides},

author = {Peter J M Weijs and M T Czyzyk and Acker JF and W Speier and J B Goedkoop and Leuken H and H J Hendrix and Groot RA and Laan G and K H Buschow and G Wiech and J C Fuggle},

year  = {1990},

date = {1990-06-01},

journal = {Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter},

volume = {41},

number = {17},

pages = {11899–11910},

publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuiper1988-kx,

title = {X-ray absorption study of the O 2p hole concentration 

 dependence on O stoichiometry in YBa2Cu3Ox},

author = {P Kuiper and G Kruizinga and J Ghijsen and M Grioni and Peter J M Weijs and Groot FM and G A Sawatzky and H Verweij and L F Feiner and H Petersen},

year  = {1988},

date = {1988-10-01},

journal = {Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter},

volume = {38},

number = {10},

pages = {6483–6489},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fuggle1988-dg,

title = {Valence bands and electron correlation in the high-Tc 

 superconductors},

author = {J C Fuggle and Peter J M Weijs and R Schoorl and G A Sawatzky and J Fink and N Nücker and P J Durham and W M Temmerman},

year  = {1988},

date = {1988-01-01},

journal = {Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter},

volume = {37},

number = {1},

pages = {123–126},

publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}